Quran Chapter 8 – 75 (Pt-10, Stg-2) (L-1135) - درس قرآن
Distribution of property of the dead
Chapter ‘Anfaal (Spoils
of War) – Surah – 8)
‘A-‘uu-zu Billaahi minash-Shay-taanir- Rajiim.
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)
(I seek refuge in Allaah from Satan the outcast)
Bis-Millaahir-Rah-maanir-Rahiim.
(In the name of Allaah, the Beneficent, the Merciful)
وَٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنۢ بَعْدُ وَهَاجَرُوا۟ وَجَٰهَدُوا۟ مَعَكُمْ فَأُو۟لَٰٓئِكَ مِنكُمْ وَأُو۟لُوا۟ ٱلْأَرْحَامِ بَعْضُهُمْ أَوْلَىٰ بِبَعْضٍ فِى كِتَٰبِ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍعَلِيمٌۢ 75
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75. And those who afterwards believed and left their
homes and strove along with you, they are of you; and those who are akin are
nearer to one another in the ordinance of Allah. Lo! Allah is Knower of all
things.
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75. Walla-ziina ‘aamanuu mim-ba’-du
wa haa-jaruu wa jaahaduu ma-‘akum
fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika minkum. Wa ‘ulul-‘arhaami
ba’-zuhum ‘awlaa bi-ba’-zin- fii Kitaa-bIllaah.
‘InnAllaaha bi-kulli shay-‘in ‘Aliim.
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Commentary
It has been described in this
verse that; those people who entered in Islam afterwards and believed,
immigrated, came to Madinah and joined the earlier immigrants,
helped them in their works and participated in their efforts and strife, they
all are brothers one of another. Their internal and external relations are the
same as of yours.
As if, the near relatives of
previous immigrants come after accepting Islam and immigration, then they would
be heirs of their relatives, and according to the Scripture of Allah Almighty
(Holy Qur’an), which portion of kinsmen has been prescribed in the
hereditary; the property of the dead person will be divided into them. Due to
new brother-hood (among immigrants and inhabitants), they will not be deprived.
A heritage will be distributed between the new brother-hood till such time; the
actual kinsmen do not reach their relatives in Madinah after
immigration. When they arrived at Madinah, then their right is at
first priority in the portion of the deceased’s property. The legacy of the
dead immigrant will be distributed among them only.
Everything is in the Knowledge
of God Almighty, He knows it also that how the heritage should be divided and
whose right is antecedent. On the basis of His Knowledge; He determined heirs
of one another to the immigrants and the inhabitants (Muhajiriin and Ansaar)
due to brotherhood.
After that, when kinsmen of the
immigrants reached Madinah after immigration and joined them,
then the original law about legacy was regularized. Therefore, the property of
the dead person will be distributed in accordance with that law. And then; no
one was authorized to decrease or increase any portion of heritage. However, if
that individual, who is at the death’s door, does act of kindness with someone
else, he is entitled to do so up to one-third portion of his property. More
than this portion of his last will; will be corrected and distributed according
to the religious law.
‘Ulul-‘arhaami - (kinsmen,
relatives), it is plural of zo-rihm. Rihm means
“the womb, matrices, relations by the mother’s side”. Here; the aim from ‘ulul-‘arhaam is
“those entire near relatives whose portion has been prescribed in the property
of the person who has died and those who are given remaining property after distributing
the portions to rightful heirs”. Those relatives and kinsmen are also
called Zawil-‘arhaam. First kind of people is called Zawil-furuuz and
the second is ‘Asbah. Actual aim from this verse is “these entire
relatives”.
According to the terminology of
the Jurisprudence (Fiqah), those relatives have been included in ‘ulul-‘arhaam too;
who are not Zawil-furuuz or ‘Asbah. The detail
about their portion or right in the heritage has been mentioned in the Books
of Fiqah. Instructions about them can be known from there.
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